| Table F: Other Educational Data |
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Summary Publication and Citation Statistics on |
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Nationals Studying |
|
Tertiary Science |
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|
Research in the Sciences and Social Sciences |
|
Abroad as % of |
|
Enrollment as % of |
|
|
# Papers |
# Papers |
|
# Citations |
# Citations |
|
Students at Home |
|
Total Tertiary |
|
|
1981 |
1995 |
|
1981-1985 |
1993-1997 |
|
1995 or |
LYA** |
|
1987-88 |
1995 |
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|
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|
|
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|
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|
|
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| World Bank |
|
1,981 |
1,995 |
|
81-85 |
93-97 |
|
WCHE 5 |
|
|
HDR92 |
HDR 95 |
| Country Name |
COL J,odds |
col P, odds |
|
col AC,odds |
col AD,odds |
|
col X, odds |
|
|
col CJ |
Col AO |
| Afghanistan |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22 |
|
| Albania |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
35 |
24 |
| Algeria |
|
103 |
291 |
|
561 |
1,814 |
|
7.4 |
|
|
14 |
52 |
| American Samoa |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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| Andorra |
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|
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| Angola |
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|
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|
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|
26 |
|
| Antigua and Barbuda |
|
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|
|
|
|
|
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| Argentina |
|
1,051 |
2,589 |
|
10,015 |
28,240 |
|
|
|
|
37 |
30 |
| Armenia |
|
|
248 |
|
|
1,249 |
|
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|
|
|
|
| Aruba |
|
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|
|
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|
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|
|
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| Australia |
|
10,519 |
18,088 |
|
147,733 |
301,320 |
|
|
|
|
32 |
29 |
| Austria |
|
2,735 |
5,287 |
|
28,921 |
94,144 |
|
4.1 |
|
|
34 |
29 |
| Azerbaijan |
|
|
208 |
|
|
444 |
|
|
|
|
|
38 |
| Bahamas, The |
|
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|
|
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|
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| Bahrain |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
39 |
| Bangladesh |
|
123 |
355 |
|
1,385 |
2,299 |
|
|
|
|
34 |
|
| Barbados |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
39 |
19 |
| Belarus |
|
|
1,033 |
|
|
4,220 |
|
2.2 |
|
|
|
35 |
| Belgium |
|
4,273 |
8,167 |
|
67,888 |
166,223 |
|
|
|
|
15 |
25 |
| Belize |
|
|
|
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|
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| Benin |
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|
|
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|
18 |
19 |
| Bermuda |
|
|
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| Bhutan |
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|
6 |
|
| Bolivia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
21 |
|
| Bosnia and Herzegovina |
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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| Botswana |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
26 |
24 |
| Brazil |
|
1,913 |
5,440 |
|
14,446 |
55,170 |
|
0.7 |
|
|
40 |
22 |
| Brunei |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 |
| Bulgaria |
|
1,109 |
1,374 |
|
4,683 |
11,198 |
|
|
|
|
48 |
25 |
| Burkina Faso |
|
|
|
|
|
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|
21 |
18 |
| Burundi |
|
|
|
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|
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|
45 |
|
| Cambodia |
|
|
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| Cameroon |
|
38 |
144 |
|
149 |
1,386 |
|
18.2 |
|
|
35 |
|
| Canada |
|
19,560 |
33,426 |
|
299,529 |
669,313 |
|
1.4 |
|
|
22 |
|
| Cape Verde |
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
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| Cayman Islands |
|
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|
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|
|
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|
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| Central African Republic |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
34 |
|
| Chad |
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
12 |
14 |
| Channel Islands |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Chile |
|
673 |
1,376 |
|
6,521 |
15,940 |
|
|
|
|
17 |
42 |
| China |
|
1,293 |
11,435 |
|
8,517 |
77,841 |
|
2.1 |
|
|
18 |
37 |
| Colombia |
|
135 |
294 |
|
1,015 |
4,138 |
|
|
|
|
36 |
31 |
| Comoros |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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| Congo, Dem. Rep. |
|
|
|
|
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|
|
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|
34 |
|
| Congo, Rep. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8 |
11 |
| Costa Rica |
|
71 |
193 |
|
538 |
1,882 |
|
|
|
|
41 |
18 |
| Cote d'Ivoire |
|
163 |
98 |
|
520 |
1,515 |
|
|
|
|
28 |
26 |
| Croatia |
|
|
898 |
|
|
8,138 |
|
|
|
|
|
38 |
| Cuba |
|
139 |
344 |
|
382 |
2,289 |
|
|
|
|
25 |
23 |
| Cyprus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
104.1 |
|
|
33 |
19 |
| Czech Republic |
|
3,150 |
|
|
21,106 |
|
|
|
|
|
36 |
| Denmark |
|
3,855 |
6,414 |
|
73,093 |
147,212 |
|
|
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|
38 |
24 |
| Djibouti |
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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| Dominica |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
58 |
| Dominican Republic |
|
|
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| Ecuador |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
21 |
|
| Egypt, Arab Rep. |
1,304 |
2,091 |
|
5,133 |
9,730 |
|
0.9 |
|
|
38 |
15 |
| El Salvador |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
50 |
25 |
| Equatorial Guinea |
|
|
|
|
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|
|
| Eritrea |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Estonia |
|
|
390 |
|
|
4,314 |
|
|
|
|
|
34 |
| Ethiopia |
|
47 |
193 |
|
521 |
1,609 |
|
|
|
|
37 |
36 |
| Faeroe Islands |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Fiji |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
35 |
|
| Finland |
|
2,615 |
5,732 |
|
41,094 |
119,304 |
|
|
|
|
50 |
37 |
| France |
|
23,101 |
41,039 |
|
319,296 |
782,069 |
|
1.5 |
|
|
|
24 |
| French Guiana |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| French Polynesia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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| Gabon |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22 |
|
| Gambia, The |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Georgia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
48 |
| Germany |
|
33,602 |
53,160 |
|
467,933 |
1,068,338 |
|
2.1 |
|
|
46 |
35 |
| Ghana |
|
81 |
116 |
|
435 |
892 |
|
|
|
|
30 |
|
| Greece |
|
968 |
3,259 |
|
8,981 |
34,790 |
|
13.3 |
|
|
43 |
30 |
| Greenland |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Grenada |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Guadeloupe |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Guam |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Guatemala |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
39 |
|
| Guinea |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
| Guinea-Bissau |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Guyana |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
41 |
43 |
| Haiti |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Honduras |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
29 |
26 |
| Hong Kong, China |
375 |
2,382 |
|
3,770 |
24,706 |
|
36.1 |
|
|
43 |
36 |
| Hungary |
|
2,598 |
3,047 |
|
21,591 |
39,407 |
|
|
|
|
32 |
29 |
| Iceland |
|
44 |
255 |
|
852 |
5,521 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| India |
|
13,623 |
14,883 |
|
56,464 |
90,162 |
|
0.7 |
|
|
32 |
|
| Indonesia |
|
89 |
310 |
|
694 |
3,364 |
|
1.0 |
|
|
39 |
28 |
| Iran, Islamic Rep. |
253 |
438 |
|
894 |
2,441 |
|
2.6 |
|
|
39 |
37 |
| Iraq |
|
208 |
84 |
|
774 |
327 |
|
|
|
|
33 |
|
| Ireland |
|
881 |
1,891 |
|
9,047 |
27,772 |
|
9.1 |
|
|
35 |
31 |
| Isle of Man |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Israel |
|
4,934 |
8,279 |
|
73,973 |
148,182 |
|
4.8 |
|
|
13 |
27 |
| Italy |
|
9,618 |
24,695 |
|
133,715 |
442,636 |
|
2.1 |
|
|
39 |
28 |
| Jamaica |
|
136 |
154 |
|
1,143 |
1,261 |
|
|
|
|
37 |
|
| Japan |
|
27,177 |
58,910 |
|
378,092 |
930,981 |
|
1.6 |
|
|
26 |
23 |
| Jordan |
|
56 |
278 |
|
263 |
1,018 |
|
15.4 |
|
|
|
28 |
| Kazakhstan |
|
|
221 |
|
|
690 |
|
3.4 |
|
|
|
42 |
| Kenya |
|
362 |
542 |
|
2,963 |
6,364 |
|
|
|
|
21 |
|
| Kiribati |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Korea, Dem. Rep. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
34 |
|
| Korea, Rep. |
|
234 |
5,393 |
|
2,656 |
43,561 |
|
3.1 |
|
|
31 |
39 |
| Kuwait |
|
134 |
324 |
|
695 |
1,576 |
|
|
|
|
35 |
23 |
| Kyrgyz Republic |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
28 |
| Lao PDR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
42 |
45 |
| Latvia |
|
|
275 |
|
|
2,234 |
|
|
|
|
|
34 |
| Lebanon |
|
111 |
110 |
|
572 |
715 |
|
12.9 |
|
|
45 |
17 |
| Lesotho |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16 |
25 |
| Liberia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Libya |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Liechtenstein |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Lithuania |
|
|
292 |
|
|
3,218 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Luxembourg |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Macao |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Macedonia, FYR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
41 |
| Madagascar |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20 |
23 |
| Malawi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
37 |
18 |
| Malaysia |
|
229 |
587 |
|
1,332 |
3,450 |
|
21.5 |
|
|
34 |
|
| Maldives |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mali |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
| Malta |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
38 |
13 |
| Marshall Islands |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Martinique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mauritania |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12 |
8 |
| Mauritius |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mayotte |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mexico |
|
907 |
2,901 |
|
8,779 |
28,589 |
|
0.8 |
|
|
36 |
33 |
| Micronesia, Fed. Sts. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Moldova |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8.0 |
|
|
|
34 |
| Monaco |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mongolia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
56 |
24 |
| Morocco |
|
92 |
554 |
|
597 |
3,031 |
|
11.9 |
|
|
59 |
29 |
| Mozambique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
25 |
50 |
| Myanmar |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
32 |
36 |
| Namibia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9 |
5 |
| Nepal |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
30 |
17 |
| Netherlands |
|
7,270 |
16,702 |
|
143,320 |
384,977 |
|
2.3 |
|
|
30 |
20 |
| Netherlands Antilles |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| New Caledonia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| New Zealand |
2,200 |
3,539 |
|
23,181 |
53,775 |
|
|
|
|
29 |
20 |
| Nicaragua |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
43 |
|
| Niger |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
24 |
|
| Nigeria |
|
1,062 |
741 |
|
3,670 |
3,559 |
|
|
|
|
30 |
41 |
| Northern Mariana Islands |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Norway |
|
2,306 |
4,264 |
|
34,601 |
70,109 |
|
4.7 |
|
|
30 |
19 |
| Oman |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
34 |
|
| Pakistan |
|
189 |
618 |
|
935 |
2,803 |
|
2.4 |
|
|
|
|
| Palau |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Panama |
|
32 |
80 |
|
525 |
1,818 |
|
|
|
|
32 |
26 |
| Papua New Guinea |
114 |
105 |
|
584 |
989 |
|
|
|
|
11 |
|
| Paraguay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
50 |
25 |
| Peru |
|
72 |
143 |
|
620 |
1,614 |
|
1.1 |
|
|
25 |
|
| Philippines |
|
243 |
294 |
|
1,379 |
2,893 |
|
|
|
|
|
31 |
| Poland |
|
4,563 |
7,097 |
|
30,960 |
71,003 |
|
1.4 |
|
|
37 |
29 |
| Portugal |
|
237 |
1,580 |
|
2,956 |
19,617 |
|
2.7 |
|
|
35 |
30 |
| Puerto Rico |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Qatar |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10 |
|
| Reunion |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Romania |
|
950 |
1,154 |
|
3,970 |
7,894 |
|
2.0 |
|
|
|
51 |
| Russian Federation |
|
24,958 |
|
|
159,065 |
|
0.3 |
|
|
|
49 |
| Rwanda |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
25 |
|
| Samoa |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
14 |
| Sao Tome and Principe |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Saudi Arabia |
299 |
1,409 |
|
1,494 |
7,826 |
|
2.8 |
|
|
34 |
|
| Senegal |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
31 |
|
| Seychelles |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
45 |
| Sierra Leone |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
30 |
| Singapore |
|
192 |
1,914 |
|
1,302 |
16,257 |
|
19.7 |
|
|
29 |
|
| Slovak Republic |
|
1,901 |
|
|
8,691 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Slovenia |
|
|
693 |
|
|
7,969 |
|
|
|
|
|
18 |
| Solomon Islands |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
29 |
| Somalia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18 |
|
| South Africa |
2,211 |
3,413 |
|
19,549 |
35,056 |
|
|
|
|
47 |
57 |